Insampaedok-San Extract Exerts an Immune-Enhancing Effect through NF-κB p65 Pathway Activation

Insampaedok-san (IS) has traditionally been prescribed as a medication for cold-related symptoms in Northeast Asia, including Korea and China. In this study, we focused on elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying immunomodulatory activity of IS water extract (ISE) macrophages. ISE significantly enhanced levels nitric oxide (NO) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by increasing expression inducible NO synthase cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dose-dependent manner. ISE, which consists many herbs, contains large number active compounds whose pharmacological targets mechanisms are complicated. Therefore, network pharmacology analysis was used to predict potential key components, targets, immunomodulators. Subsequently, results were validated experimentally. Seven components identified through HPLC-QTOF-MS. As predicted analysis, increased mRNA Tnf Il6. Furthermore, phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, transcriptional p65 subunit factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. contrast, rapamycin, an NF-κB inhibitor, suppressed ISE-induced conclusion, is immune activator that can elevate production NO, PGE2, proinflammatory cytokines mediated signaling.